Labor

QROPS update 1st December 2011 Pension drawdown & QROPS and QNUPS

At Gerard Associates Ltd we continue our daily look at factors affecting markets and currencies allowing some insight into conditions affecting exchange rates.

Cash and income timing from a UK Pension income drawdown, flexible pensions or QROPS (Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme) should be considered to maximise the Pension drawdown, QROPS and investment income taken.

Investment market volatility and currency exchange remains a challenge. The global economics are volatile and unprecedented in history. Currency exchange continues to concern expats with UK Pensions, income drawdown now including flexible pensions, a QROPS and QNUPS (Qualifying non UK Pension schemes).

 

IN THE UK 

·         The outstanding event of the day was a unanimous move by the central banks of the US, the UK, Switzerland, Japan, Canada and the ECB agreeing to reduce the interest rate on dollar liquidity swap lines by 50 basis points, immediately after the announcement, sterling moved higher towards a fresh weekly high of $1.5775 against the US dollar.

·         UK policy makers are becoming increasingly cautious regarding the economy as Chancellor George Osbourne insisted that current austerity measured kept the UK ahead of the curve compared to others facing threats from the Eurozone crisis.

·         Speculation mounted that the BoE will resort to a £100-150Bn extension of its asset purchase plan as Quantitative Easing is still the weapon of choice in the face of increasing likelihood of undershooting the 2% target for inflation. 

 

ELSEWHERE

·         The risks posed by the Eurozone crisis were epitomised by the first ever negative yield for German one year bonds, reaching a low of -0.07% as invested settled for the lesser of innumerable evils.

·         Rumours also surfaced suggesting that the ECB monetary policy meeting on December 8 could see a cut in the current 1.25% interest rates.

·         The Fed claimed the move to reduce rates on dollar swaps would “Ease strains in financial markets and thereby mitigate the effects of such strains on the supply of credit to households and businesses and so help foster economic activity.”

·         The MSCI All-Country World Index climbed 3.1% by mid afternoon and of the 24 major commodities, only natural gas suffered a decline as markets reacted to the announcement on liquidity. All 16 currencies most traded against the Dollar also posted gains. The indication that central banks are willing to working together may bring some longevity to the resulting risk rally even if the effects were sudden.

·         After initially weakening as Eurofin conceded their bailout fund had been wide of the mark, the euro strengthened 1.1% against the US dollar to close the European session at $1.3465, having peaked at $1.3533 which marked the biggest intraday jump since lenders agreed a 50% write-down of Greek debt.

·         The biggest winners against the US Dollar were the Australian Dollar, which grew 2.7% to $1.0272 and the Brazilian Real, which grew 2.2% to B$1.8078. Canada’s dollar extended gains after data showed the nation’s economy grew at an annualized 3.5% in the third quarter beating the forecasted 3% and overall, the Loonie strengthened to a high of c$1.0187.

·         Early in the day S&P had cut debt ratings on lenders from BoA to Goldman Sachs to UBS but data on US business activity and employment and housing markets topped estimates.

·         The ADP Employer Services report showed companies added 206k, expected at 130k, workers in November bolstering optimism in the labour market.

·         The Chicago Purchasing Managers Index, business activity expanded at fastest pace for 7 months signalling a continuation of the factory-led expansion.

·         Pending home sales were also up, 10.4% in October, recording their biggest gain for 12 months and 5 times the forecast.

·         China contributed to risk appetite as the People’s Bank cut the reserve requirement ratio for banks by 0.5% in order to spur growth. The move shows a reversal in policy which will augment the capital by some Rmb400bn ($63bn). 

 

DATA TO LOOK OUT FOR (all times GMT)

·         11:30 The BoE Financial Stability Report will indicate how confident the central bank is regarding the stability of the  financial system as it stands and assess the risks it faces.

·         13:30 US Unemployment Claims are expected to number 390k. This indicator of newly unemployed is highly correlated to consumer spending and is therefore of great interest to many market participants.

·         15:00 After the Chicago index read positively yesterday, the ISM Purchase Manager’s Index, also from the States, is expected to follow suit with 

 

Current Spot Rates (9.00am)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USD

EUR

AUD

CAD

CHF

DKK

NOK

HKD

SEK

ZAR

JPY

GBP

1.5669

1.1653

1.5396

1.5996

1.4291

8.6620

9.0602

12.1800

10.63

12.80

121.459

USD

 

0.7531

0.9826

1.0209

0.9121

5.5281

5.7822

7.77

6.78

8.17

77.515

EUR

1.3278

 

1.3212

1.3727

1.2264

7.4333

7.7750

10.45

9.12

10.98

104.230

 

Key Support and Resistance Levels

 

 

 

 

Support

 

Resistance

GBPUSD

1.5292

1.5406

1.5551

 

1.5810

1.5924

1.6069

GBPEUR

1.1538

1.1590

1.1636

 

1.1736

1.1790

1.1837

EURUSD

1.3009

1.3133

1.3286

 

1.3563

1.3687

1.3840

 

Gerard Associates Ltd advises UK residents, expats and people considering living abroad on the technical and currency options available for Pensions, pension income drawdown, flexible pensions, QROPS, QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice. Our service encompasses Pension including QROPS and QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice.

This with the reassurance and security of UK FSA authorised and regulated advice - essential for your security.

QROPS update 25th November 2011 Pension drawdown & QROPS and QNUPS

At Gerard Associates Ltd we continue our daily look at factors affecting markets and currencies allowing some insight into conditions affecting exchange rates.

Cash and income timing from a UK Pension income drawdown, flexible pensions or QROPS (Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme) should be considered to maximise the Pension drawdown, QROPS and investment income taken.

Investment market volatility and currency exchange remains a challenge. The global economics are volatile and unprecedented in history. Currency exchange continues to concern expats with UK Pensions, income drawdown now including flexible pensions, a QROPS and QNUPS (Qualifying non UK Pension schemes).

 

IN THE UK

  • GDP figures released yesterday show the UK economy’s growth remains at 0.5% in the third quarter in line with expectations and matching the preliminary release. The breakdown of the data shows that underlying growth is weak as the growth was driving by a build-up of stock and government expenditure.
  • UK markets reopened this morning to find GBPUSD hovering around its 7 week low of $1.5470; Cable has been finding support at $1.5450 and resistance at $1.5801 which was Monday's high. The pound has been recently affected by fears in markets which has triggered demand on the dollar as a refuge.
  • Also pressuring sterling were comments from Bank of England policymaker Ben Broadbent, who said Britain risked sliding back into recession.
  • The UK’s firm triple A status has been tempting investors for some time now and UK Gilts prices have fallen below the rates given on German Bunds for the first time since 2009.

 

ELSEWHERE

  • Sentiment remained depressed in thin trading markets yesterday. EUR/USD lost all of Wednesday's gains after the mini summit between Merkel, Sarkozy and Monti failed to deliver any agreement on Merkel's reluctance to launch the Euro-bonds.
  • Commodity-linked currencies also came under pressure against the dollar, with AUD/USD currently sitting at 6-week low of 0.9680
  • Reports out on Wednesday said that a Greek default is now mostly priced into the market and therefore we would only see a limited euro depreciation, Italy is of more concern due to the uncertainty and size of the economy
  • USDCHF showed volatile movements on the back of the mixed sentiment which gathered correctional movements and mounting concerns from the euro area, where volume was not high due to thanks giving holiday in the United States.
  • In a business day for data from Germany on Thursday we saw the economy expand robustly in the third quarter, GDP expanded 0.5 q/q in line with estimates. This was then followed by the some positive news that confidence among investors unexpectedly grew in November due to less sceptical expectations.
  • Portuguese efforts to come out of economic crisis suffered on Thursday as its credit rating was downgraded to ‘Junk’ status citing large fiscal imbalances, high debt and risks to its EU membership. This sent Portuguese 10-year bund prices surging to 13.85% - the second highest level in the Eurozone.
  • Consumer prices in Japan declined for the first time in four months in October, as concerns over a deepening debt crisis in Europe and the impact of strong yen on the economy dampened domestic demand. Core consumer prices that exclude price movements in fresh food fell 0.1% in the year to October, in line with economists' forecasts, data from the Statistics Bureau showed Friday.

 

DATA TO LOOK OUT FOR (all times GMT)

  • Today is a quiet day on the data front as a large portion of the US workforce will be continuing the Thanksgiving celebration and there are no significant releases in Europe.
  • Bank of England MPC member Martin Weale will speak at the National Institute for Economic and Social Research.
  • New Zealand is holding their 50th parliamentary elections.

 

Current Spot Rates (9.00am)

25th November 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USD

EUR

AUD

CAD

CHF

DKK

NOK

HKD

SEK

ZAR

JPY

GBP

1.5430

1.1636

1.5945

1.6217

1.4293

8.6516

9.1234

12.0270

10.78

13.22

119.431

USD

 

0.7544

1.0334

1.0510

0.9263

5.6070

5.9128

7.79

6.99

8.57

77.402

EUR

1.3255

 

1.3703

1.3937

1.2283

7.4352

7.8407

10.34

9.26

11.36

102.639

 

Gerard Associates Ltd advises UK residents, expats and people considering living abroad on the technical and currency options available for Pensions, pension income drawdown, flexible pensions, QROPS, QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice. Our service encompasses Pension including QROPS and QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice.

This with the reassurance and security of UK FSA authorised and regulated advice - essential for your security.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QROPS update 11th November 2011 Pension drawdown & QROPS and QNUPS

At Gerard Associates Ltd we continue our daily look at factors affecting markets and currencies allowing some insight into conditions affecting exchange rates.

Cash and income timing from a UK Pension income drawdown, flexible pensions or QROPS (Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme) should be considered to maximise the Pension drawdown, QROPS and investment income taken.

Investment market volatility and currency exchange remains a challenge. The global economics are volatile and unprecedented in history. Currency exchange continues to concern expats with UK Pensions, income drawdown now including flexible pensions, a QROPS and QNUPS (Qualifying non UK Pension schemes).

 

IN THE UK

  • The Bank of England held interest rates as expected at the record low of 0.5% and left quantitative easing unchanged at £275 billion. This came as no real surprise as in the past the Bank of England have preferred to see the full effect of the extra funding in the economy before making any further decisions.
  • Despite the troubles in the economy the pound has managed to show some strength during this recent turmoil as <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 />UK government bonds are seen as a safe asset. The yield on 10-year UK bonds fell to a record low on Thursday on the back of demand for UK debt.
  • The average price of a home in England and Wales rose 0.2% from September to 220,056 pounds, the groups estimated in an e-mailed report in London today. The number of transactions fell 5.7%. In London, prices rose an annual 2.5% in the three months through October. 

 

ELSEWHERE

  • After a week of negotiations Lucas Papademos has stepped up and will be sworn in as Greece’s new Prime Minister. A former Vice President of European Central Bank, his credentials at the pinnacle of the finance community should help him repair Greece’s battered economy.
  • Following a better than expected Italian bond auction, the yield on 12 month Italian government bills has fallen slightly, helping to calm fears of Italian debt problems as government debt hit a euro-era high earlier in the week.
  • The announcement of a new government in Greece and the naming of a new leader has helped reduce risk aversion. Stock markets performed better in the Asian session this morning and European stocks have opened higher.
  • EUR/USD has followed suit and moved up, breaking through the $1.36 mark from an earlier one month low of $1.3482
  • Credit ratings agency Moody’s had to re confirm France’s Triple A rating as a falsely leaked memo said the nation had been downgraded. The French Finance Ministry have asked for a full investigation.
  • The European Commission said Eurozone growth is expected to slow down next year and may even slip into recession due to the prolonged debt crisis hurting investment in the Eurozone. Outlook has been lowered to 0.5% for next year down from the 1.8% forecast in Spring
  • Spanish debt seems to be holding up on the bond markets, the markets are largely ignoring the upcoming general election on Nov 20th and the potential new administration.
  • In Japan the authorities have been silently propping USD/JPY over the last few days, this helps to explain USD/JPY inability to test below 77.50, near to the benchmark the authorities seem to of set as near the max strength they will allow the Yen to be at.
  • New unemployment claims in the US fell in the first week in November, according to a report released by the Labor Department, with claims coming in below 400k, lower than the expectations of most economists.

 

DATA TO LOOK OUT FOR (all times GMT)

  • Veteran’s day in the US will mean the markets should be quieter than usual, although announcements involving the European debt crisis could have an impact on currency prices
  • UK Producer Price Index (input and output) figures are released this morning, generally high figures are good for the UK economy, but experts believe all 4 components of the figures will fall.
  • Preliminary gross domestic product estimates from Spain is the only major European news out today
  • Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index for November is released at 2.55pm in the US and consensus is for a slight improvement.

 

Current Spot Rates (9.00am)

11th November 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USD

EUR

AUD

CAD

CHF

DKK

NOK

HKD

SEK

ZAR

JPY

GBP

1.5911

1.1656

1.5663

1.6240

1.4409

8.6753

9.0384

12.3780

10.60

12.61

123.118

USD

 

0.7322

0.9844

1.0207

0.9056

5.4524

5.6806

7.78

6.66

7.93

77.379

EUR

1.3658

 

1.3438

1.3933

1.2362

7.4428

7.7543

10.62

9.09

10.82

105.626

 

Gerard Associates Ltd advises UK residents, expats and people considering living abroad on the technical and currency options available for Pensions, pension income drawdown, flexible pensions, QROPS, QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice. Our service encompasses Pension including QROPS and QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice.

This with the reassurance and security of UK FSA authorised and regulated advice - essential for your security.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

QROPS update 16th September 2011 Pension drawdown & QROPS and QNUPS

At Gerard Associates Ltd we continue our daily look at factors affecting markets and currencies allowing some insight into conditions affecting exchange rates.

Cash and income timing from a UK Pension income drawdown, flexible pensions or QROPS (Qualifying Recognised Overseas Pension Scheme) should be considered to maximise the Pension drawdown, QROPS and investment income taken.

Investment market volatility and currency exchange remains a challenge. The global economics are volatile and unprecedented in history. Currency exchange continues to concern expats with UK Pensions, income drawdown now including flexible pensions, a QROPS and QNUPS (Qualifying non UK Pension schemes).

 

There was a rich vein of data on Thursday, starting with UK retail sales figures for August. The

latest Office for National Statistics showed retail sales contracted last month as sales

volumes were down 0.2%. Figures had slipped back 0.2% in July and 0.8% in June. August’s

figures had been affected by the riots that hit major cities throughout the UK the ONS said.

Rising prices meant that total value of sales in August was 4.7% higher than in August last

year, even though sales volumes were unchanged.

In a second report for the UK, Britons’ inflation expectations climbed to their highest level in

three years last month, underlying the impact soaring prices are having on households.

UK consumers questioned in August, expected prices to increase 4.2% over the next

year, the Bank of England said in a quarterly survey published in London yesterday. That’s up

from a reading of 3.9% in May.

The European Central Bank Monthly Bulletin, published one week after the September 6

decision to maintain interest rates unchanged, presented the current economic situation in

the Eurozone and the risks to price stability.

According to the official publication, inflation has remained elevated and is likely to stay

above 2% over the months ahead before declining next year. Inflation expectations in the

euro area must remain firmly anchored in line with the Governing Council’s aim of

maintaining inflation rates below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.

The pace of economic growth in the euro area decelerated in the second quarter, following

strong growth in the first quarter. Looking ahead, the Governing Council expects the euro

area economy to grow moderately,

subject to particularly high uncertainty and intensified downside risks.

The euro zone also releases the consumer price index for August, where the index expanded

by 0.2% from the previous drop of 0.6% in line with expectation, in addition, the annual

consumer price index expanded by 2.5%, in line with expectations and the previous reading.

Moreover, the core consumer price index also was unchanged in August at 1.2% in line with

expectations.

Over in the US, the consumer price index rose a seasonally adjusted 0.4% in August

while the core rate rose 0.2%, the US Labour Department said, yesterday.

The index has risen 3.8% in the last 12 months before the seasonal adjustment, the

department's Bureau of Labour Statistics said in a release. That is slightly higher than the 3.6% annual rate in July and the consensus expectation for August, which was also 3.6%.

The core inflation figure, which excludes food and energy, rose 2% on an annual basis

in August. From July, core prices rose 0.2%.

 

IN THE UK

Retail sales in the UK come out at -0.2%, showing a contraction in last month’s retail sales. This was mainly due to the riots that hit major cities throughout the UK but better than forecasted

  • Rising prices showed the total value of sales in August was 4.7%, higher than in August last year.
  • Britons’ inflation expectations climbed to their highest level in three years last month showing pressures on households on the back of soaring prices.
  • UK Consumers expected prices to increase 4.2% over the next year, up from a reading of 3.9% in May
  • GBPEUR hits a low of 1.13749 on the day and a high of 1.1498 whilst GBPUSD hits a low of 1.5730 and a high of 1.5868

 

ELSEWHERE

 

  • Swiss Industrial Production came out at 3.6%, greater than expectation of a 3.3% reading and the Swiss Libor rate remained unchanged under 0.25% and will continue to target a 3-month Libor rate at zero
  • The Eurozone core CPI for August, remained unchanged at 1.2%, in line with forecasts. The ECB Monthly Bulletin showed inflation elevated and is likely to stay above 2% over the next few months before declining next year.
  • In the US, CPI rose a seasonally adjusted 0.4% in August, while the core rate rose 0.2%
  • The Philly Fed Manufacturing Index actually showed an improved figure, rising to -17.5 from -30.7 last month, although economists had envisaged a rise to minus 15. Readings greater than zero signal expansion in the area covering eastern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey and Delaware.
  • EUR/USD hits a low of 1.37032 and a high of 1.3957 as demand for the euro returns.

 

DATA TO LOOK OUT FOR

 

  • A relatively quiet day on the data front, starting at 10.00am, with the Eurozone Trade Balance.
  • Today is the first day of the ECOFIN meeting, where discussions will be made on a range of financial issues, such as euro support mechanisms and government finances. It will be very interesting to see how the market fares on the back of this.
  • 1.30pm we will have the CAD Foreign Securities Purchases figure. This measures the total value of stocks, bonds and money-market assets purchased by foreigners.
  • 2.00pm will see the TIC Long-Term Purchases which shows the difference in value between foreign long-term securities purchased by US citizens and US long-term securities purchased by foreigners.
  • Finally at 2.55pm, we have the Preliminary UoM Consumer Sentiment, measuring the level of composite index based on surveyed consumers.

 

 

Current Spot Rates (9.00am)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USD

EUR

AUD

CAD

CHF

DKK

NOK

HKD

SEK

ZAR

JPY

GBP

1.5748

1.1421

1.5247

1.5520

1.3768

8.5071

8.8202

12.2660

10.44

11.68

120.83

USD

 

1.3789

0.9682

0.9855

0.8743

5.4020

5.6008

7.79

6.63

7.42

76.725

EUR

0.7252

 

1.3350

1.3589

1.2055

7.4486

7.7228

10.74

9.14

10.23

105.793

 

 Gerard Associates Ltd advises UK residents, expats and people considering living abroad on the technical and currency options available for Pensions, pension income drawdown, flexible pensions, QROPS, QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice. Our service encompasses Pension including QROPS and QNUPS and investments in a clear format allowing all customers to make an informed choice.

This with the reassurance and security of UK FSA authorised and regulated advice - essential for your security.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pensions in the United Kingdom

The UK Pension scheme is going through considerable legislative changes. It currently comprises of state and voluntary provision.

  1. State earnings-related basic pension
  2. State second earnings-related element,
  3. Voluntary occupational pensions
  4. and voluntary personal pension components.

From October 2012, every UK employer will be required by the Government to set up a workplace pension scheme for their employees. Employers who fail to comply could be jailed or face substantial penalties of up to £10,000 per day. The idea behind it is to counteract the on-going trend of decreasing coverage of supplementary pension provision.

UK Government projections anticipate that by 2030 around 29% of the population will be aged 60 or over, compared with around 22% now.

 They also plan that all eligible workers, who are not already in a good quality workplace pension, will gradually be automatically enrolled into either a qualifying workplace pension scheme (QWPS) or into the NEST pension scheme. Automatic enrolment means employees will join the workplace pension scheme unless they actively decide not to be in a scheme.

Qualifying Workplace Pension Schemes (QWPS)

The amount of contributions that must be paid in order for a scheme to be treated as a QWPS is being phased in as follows:

Date

Total minimum

contribution

 

Minimum employer

 contribution

 

Minimum difference to be made up by employee % (gross) *

October 2012 to September 2016

2%

1%

1%

October 2016 to September 2017

5%

2%

3%

October 2017 onwards

8%

3%

5%

 

* The minimum difference includes tax relief available on employee contributions.


The default retirement age of 65 is also to be phased out.

Public Pensions


The UK State Pension system is composed of:
 

  • the Basic State Pension - a flat-rate payment that requires a National Insurance contribution record of 30 years to receive full benefits.
  • the State Second Pension (S2P) - replaced the old State Earnings (Related Pension Scheme) in order to provide an additional state pension for low and moderate income earners.
  • the Pension Credit.

Occupational Pensions


The UK operates until October 2012 a voluntary occupational pension system. The current reform proposals are intended to encourage savings for retirement and less reliance on the state.

Defined benefit schemes have seen a dramatic decrease in favour of defined contribution schemes due to the complex liabilities and employers aiming to contain costs. The costs are associated with risks as a result of the funding difficulties after the downturn in equity markets, accounting issues and demographic trends.

In April 2006, The Pension Protection Fund was established as a safety net against scheme employers becoming insolvent. Its role is to compensate members of Defined benefit schemes in the event there are insufficient assets in the pension scheme.

 As of 2006, new Defined benefit scheme funding regulations replaced the old Minimum Funding Requirement (MFR). The Pensions Act 2004 implemented the Statutory Fund Objectives (SFO), which require that salary-related occupational pension schemes must have sufficient assets to cover their technical provisions. A pension plan is required to set up a recovery plan if it fails to meet the SFOs.

For external funding two plan types are available, namely insuranced schemes and self-administered plans.

Small self-administered Schemes (SSAS) 

A SSAS requires the appointment of an investment manager and a custodian is required. Investment managers have to be authorised under the Financial Services Act 1986 and formally appointed by the trustees.

Insurance schemes


Insured schemes are arrangements provided directly by insurance companies where the benefits provided are secured by one or more insurance policies or annuity contracts. They are set up under trust and are legally treated in the same way as self-administered schemes (pension funds).

Personal Pension Plans

Personal Pensions Plans are arrangements which the employee can establish individually with a provider of their choice.

Group Personal Pensions are popular as packaged occupational schemes because of their flexibility and cost-effectiveness. Group Personal are analogous to Defined contribution schemes.

Stakeholder Pension

Employers with more than five employees are obliged to provide their employees with an access to a Stakeholder Pension. The aim was cost effective and easy access but neither the employer nor the employee has to contribute to it.

Companies may be exempt from Stakeholder pension provision by:

  1. already offering a comparable standard of pension scheme
  2. or already contribute at least 3% of basic salary to an employee’s personal pension

 The employer selects the provider and all Stakeholder schemes are on a Defined contribution basis. 

Unfunded schemes

Unfunded and unapproved plans. These schemes are primarily used for executives to provide enhanced benefits.

In a document on ‘disguised remuneration’, contained in the Finance Bill 2011, the Treasury confirms legislation introduced in budget to tackle arrangements using trusts and other vehicles “which seek to avoid, defer or reduce tax liabilities” will incorporate EFRBS and EBTs. As a result, from April 2011 the arrangements will be subject to income tax and national insurance.

Tax treatment of contributions and benefits

Currently there is a lifetime allowance on the total value of tax-relieved benefits, with a maximum annual allowance in every year. The lifetime allowance (LTA) is the maximum amount of pension savings that can benefit from tax relief and is currently £1.8 million. The LTA will be reduced to £1.5 million from April 2012.

From 2011-12 onwards, the annual allowance for tax relief on pension contributions for individuals will be reduced from the previous maximum level of £255,000 to £50,000.

The UK operates an Exempt, Exempt, Taxed (EET) Pension system.

An initial tax free lump sum is usually available (25% of the fund) and benefits for a UK resident will be taxed as income in full.

There are tax charges if the lifetime allowance is exceeded; Lifetime Allowance Charge (LAC).

The LAC can be applied in either of two ways or a combination of both depending on how the excess benefits value above the lifetime allowance is taken. The charge is:

  1. 55% if taken as a lump sum, or
  2. 25% if taken as income.

Benefits may be taken in a number of ways and recent changes (April 2011) introduced a new basis of capped and flexible pension drawdown to add to the traditional annuity for life pension.

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